Sunday, 16 June 2013

Cookery for Northern wives: recipe for bannocks




During the prime of Miss Margaret B. Stout, on her graduation from the Edinburgh School of Cookery in 1915,  she fed Scottish troops returning from World War One. Once the war was over, she returned to the Shetland Isles, determined to collect and record the simple but plain recipes using local ingredients, passed down from mother to daughter.
Bemoaning the use of 'tinned meats' by modern housewives, "change, although inevitable, is to be regretted, for there is no doubt that a hardy race (the Shetlanders) with good teeth, muscle and bone, thrived upon the food used langsyne*" Miss Stout wrote 'Cookery for Northern Wives', from which I got my recipe for bannocks, a typical scone style bread from the Shetlands.
Making bannocks with buttermilk reminded me of my recent trip to Denmark (soon to be blogged) where grown men commonly drink glasses of milk with their dinner, I saw this too in the Shetlands. Danes also have chilled buttermilk as a refreshing summer drink, seen in Shetland cookery as 'Blaand': "This is a refreshing drink made by pouring enough hot water onto buttermilk to make it separate; the curd is drained, pressed and served as Kirnmilk. The whey is allowed to stand until it reaches the fermenting, sparkling stage". (A similar drink is found in Persian cuisine)
Shetland was part of Norway and Denmark (which used to be one kingdom) for centuries, and only became Scottish in the 15th century. In fact, Denmark still has rights to Shetland, having merely pawned the islands. If Scotland becomes independent next year, it will be interesting to see what happens in terms of independence for Shetland, for much of Scotland's oil wealth is based around the isles. Shetland has traditionally been Unionist.
Visiting Shetland in June means that I got to experience the 'simmer dim', the sun shining at midnight. It was strange to return to London where in June it gets dark at ten o'clock. I have to say though, I did not sleep well in the disorientating brightness. I kept waking, looking out the window at 2 am, seeing that it was sunny and having difficulty going back to sleep. In the winter, the Shetlands only have a little daylight, between 11 am and 2.30pm. It's dark by 3pm. But winter is the time to see the Northern Lights.
Things have changed so rapidly on the Shetland Isles over the last century: photos show women wearing entirely woollen outfits, with rough skirts, in the 1920s. My taxi driver, whose family came from the Southern part of the island, said a trip to Lerwick, the main town in the centre, for his grandparents, was a twice yearly thing, taking all day by boat. Nowadays you can drive it in 25 minutes.
The advice in Northern Cookery for wives is delightful: "On Beainer Sunday (Sunday before Christmas) it was usual to hang up an ox head in the chimney to make broth with". The book includes mysterious recipes such as 'Krappin Muggies', 'Sparls', 'Vivda', 'Tar-Tin_Purrie', 'Virpa'. With very few ingredients, the Shetland wives managed to make an ingenious amount of dishes.

Recipe for Bannocks:
I made two types:  'top' bannocks, as a lady I met in the supermarket called them, cooked on a griddle, (probably even better on a peat fire) and, presumably, 'bottom' bannocks, baked in the oven. Roll them out a bit thinner if you are doing it on the griddle or in a dry frying pan, otherwise they can remain uncooked in the middle.
Eat,  spread generously with butter, perhaps with a boiled kipper and serve with a glass of cold buttermilk.

450g (1 pound) of plain flour
1/2 tsp of baking powder
1 teaspoon of salt
300-350ml of buttermilk

"Mix the dry ingredients together, make into a soft dough with the buttermilk, just as soft as can be easily handled. Turn onto a floured board" and form patties. I liked them to look quite rough and not too smooth.  Cook them either on a dry griddle or frying pan, on a low heat, until risen and golden on the outside. Or bake them in the oven, 180ºC, on a baking tray, for about 15 minutes. (Baking oven of the Aga).



*langsyne= long since, long ago in Middle English

Saturday, 15 June 2013

How to eat mussels: tips and recipes

Male mussels are paler than female ones and do not have such a strong taste.


A mussel farm



The Shetland Isles, halfway to the Arctic circle, the furthest point north in Britain, is nearer to Scandinavia than anywhere else. The people speak with a Pictish lilt, although they attempt to straighten it out for a 'soothmoother' like me.
Michael Laurensen runs BlueShell mussels which arrive in our shops, scrubbed, in kilo-weight fishnet stockings of thick marine nylon, after being grown, like grapes, clinging to underwater vineyards. These mussels are MSC certified, which is a global guarantee of sustainably sourced seafood. The mussels are raised in sheltered 'voes' or inlets, and at times when the weather was too severe to venture out to sea, or the small amount of fertile land upon which they could grow crops, failed, mussels and crabs were the reason that Shetland did not starve. Fish and seafood from cold waters are the best. Spain buys most of the Shetland crabs: they know their shellfish.
Mussels are fertile: just six could produce enough sperm (both male and female, white and orange) into the water to populate all of Shetland. Looking at the shells, ridges indicate times of stress (transplantation for instance); you can count the years, as in trees. They grow less in winter. The mussels are harvested at three years old.
The Belgians have moules et frites as their national dish. With crusty bread or chips to mop up the liquor, it is poor mans food, cheap and tasty but, in England, somehow still exotic. People are often nervous of cooking with mussels so here are some tips and a couple of recipes.
  • Chuck out the broken shells
  • Chuck the ones that don't close when raw
  • Chuck the ones that don't open once cooked
  • Mussels should be de-bearded no more than 30 minutes before cooking
  • Rinse in cold water then keep them in the fridge, covered with a damp cloth, for up to three days.
  • The simplest way to cook them is, as above, a quick rinse in cold water, drain, then cook them in a lidded pot for six minutes. They don't need liquid, there is enough in the shells.
Recipe for Thai style mussels
Enough for 3-4 people

1 kilo of cleaned mussels
1 red birds eye chilli, de-seeded, finely chopped
1/2 can of good quality coconut milk (no stabilisers)
2 spring onions, finely sliced
1 inch of fresh ginger, peeled, diced
1 large clove garlic, finely crushed
A handful of fresh coriander, chopped
Wedge of fresh lime
Place the mussels into a deep saucepan which has a tightly fitting lid. Add all of the other ingredients on top, but reserve half the coriander and the lime for garnishing. Put the lid on the pan and heat. Every so often jiggle the pan. After six minutes, your supper is cooked!
Recipe for grilled mussels with persillade and Parmesan
Feeds 2

I had this all the time when I was in Chile. It's also a dish that the Parisian restaurant Le pied de cochon, aux Halles, does very well. I used to be taken there, when I was broke and living in Paris, as a treat, by my mother, on her occasional visits. We'd sit in the Art Nouveau interior and order these, tipping the ebony tear drop shells into our mouths, savouring the oily garlic sauce, swigging back a syrupy yellow Gerwurtztraminer.
1/2 a kilo cleaned mussels
Olive oil
2 shallots, finely minced
3 cloves of fresh garlic, finely minced
A handful of parsley, finely chopped
50ml white wine
150g finely grated Parmesan cheese
40g Finely ground breadcrumbs

Sweat the shallots until translucent in the olive oil. Then add the garlic, and half the parsley, a splash of white wine.
First steam your mussels for six minutes, with no water or liquid added, broken ones discarded, in a deep pot with a lid on, jiggling it every do often. Take off the heat.
Carefully remove the mussels and prise off the top of the mussel.
Add the shallot, garlic, parsley mixture to the half shell containing the mussel.
Mix the remaining parsley, Parmesan and breadcrumbs and top the mussel half shells with the mixture
Place under a grill and leave until the cheese is starting to melt.

Monday, 10 June 2013

Notes on the Doctor Who menu

The Sonic Screwdriver

Ginger beer and blue curaçao

The screwdriver has been sonic’d. Obviously thanks to the blue curaçao this is the Tenth Doctor’s screwdriver, which was blue, rather than Eleven’s more complex green one. Ginger beer was also a favourite drink of the Fourth and Eighth Doctors.

The Tenth Doctor and his sonic screwdriver


Bananas

“Bananas are good”, declares the Doctor in The Doctor Dances. In The Girl In The Fireplace, also penned by Steven Moffat, the Doctor tells Rose to “always bring a banana to a party”. So we thought we’d bring the banana to you. And here's a video of some Doctor Who banana clips.

Celery and blue cheese sticks

The Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) had large shoes to fill when he replaced the immensely popular Tom Baker, a challenge possibly augmented by the novelty of such a young actor in the role - Davison was only 29. To add some Eleventh Doctor-style quirkiness, Five accessorises his cricket whites by placing a stick of celery in the lapel of his blazer. Kooky. In The Caves of Androzani, companion Peri asks the Doctor why he wears celery and receives a fairly irritated response as the Doctor hadn't quite warmed up to her at this point.
Peri: Doctor, why do you wear a stick of celery in your lapel?The Doctor: Does it offend you?Peri: No, just curious.The Doctor: Safety precaution. I'm allergic to certain gases in the praxis range of the spectrum.Peri: Well, how does the celery help?The Doctor: If the gas is present, the celery turns purple.Peri: And then what do you do?The Doctor: I eat the celery. If nothing else, I'm sure it's good for my teeth.



The Third Doctor eating gorgonzola in Day of the Daleks and finding it “absolutely delicious”. 

The Daleks, of course, are the Doctor's greatest enemy, whether they are in menacing black and gold or entirely non-threatening pastels (as in Victory of the Daleks). Or at least they used to be until Asylum of the Daleks written by Steven Moffat, current showrunner of Doctor Who, wiped the Daleks' memory of the Doctor (or his new random name "the Predator"). Now it's more of a one-sided legendary enmity.

Hence, celery and blue cheese canapés (in this case Danish blue cheese).

Cheesy Yorkshire puddings

While the Doctor, Amy and Rory eat fish custard (see our next course) in The Power of Three, the Doctor says that if he ran a restaurant it would serve only fish custard. He then compares it to the Yorkshire pudding, which he claims to have invented: “Pudding, yet savoury. Sound familiar?”

Fish custard and chips


The first episode of series 5, The Eleventh Hour, introduced both the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companion Amy Pond (Karen Gillan). Prior to whisking Amy off in his TARDIS, the Doctor met Amelia Pond, Amy's younger self (played by Karen's cousin, Caitlin Blackwood). The Doctor is in the process of regenerating when he lands in Amy's garden. The regeneration process has apparently affected his tastes: "New mouth, new rules" he says after spitting out apple and yoghurt. The little girl cooks this strange raggedy man various dishes, including fried bacon ("Are you trying to poison me?"), baked beans ("Beans are evil") and buttered bread (the Doctor chucks it out through the front door - “And stay out!”). He finally settles on fish fingers and custard, which becomes the Doctor and Amy's signature meal.


In the same way that fish custard became a symbol for the friendship between the Doctor and Amy, chips were important to the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) and Rose Tyler's (Billie Piper) relationship. Series 1’s The End of the World was a formative episode for Doctor/Rose as Nine (Christopher Eccleston) takes Rose to the year 5.5/apple/26. This is when the Earth is finally destroyed by the expansion of the Sun. The pair hold hands while Rose witnesses the death of her home planet, which makes for a moving scene and allows both the Doctor’s latest companion and the audience to empathise with the horror of the Time War, which led to Gallifrey, the homeworld of the Time Lords, being destroyed. When the couple return to London they go off to eat chips, which Rose refers to as their “first date” in New Earth.


Jammie dodgers



Eleven defends himself from the Daleks in Victory of the Daleks with a Jammie Dodger, pretending it’s a self-destruct button. Home-made Jammy Dodgers were therefore inevitable.


Dalek cupcakes

To exterminate your appetite 



Guest post by Sienna Rodgers (tumblr)

Friday, 7 June 2013

5 best breads in Paris

The baguette is an iconic wand of dough, symbolic of France. Commercially produced baguettes, baked from frozen, are the most widely available so you must look out for the sign 'Artisan Boulanger' for a baguette traditionel which lasts longer, is fermented and baked from scratch, and most importantly, tastes better. You can tell if a bread is not artisanal by the snakeskin-style raised dots on the bottom of the bread. It's acceptable to ask for your bread 'bien cuit' (well baked, darker) or 'pas trop cuit' (not too baked, lighter in colour) and the boulanger will happily sort through the loaves to pick one to your taste.
There are more boulangeries than any other type of food shop in France. Although the number of artisan bakers is reducing each year, it is the least threatened of small businesses. The French eat more bread than any other nation but consumption is dropping: from 900g per person daily in the year 1900 to 136g today.
Here is my list of great bakeries in Paris.
63 Boulevard Pasteur
Metro: Pasteur
This chic modernist bakery with its velvet drapes rather suggests a funeral parlour. Their baguette tradition, which I tucked, still warm, under my arm, was wider than the classic but had a crispy crust, a chewy inside and was still good the day after.
Au paradis du gourmet
159 Rue Raymond Losserand
Paris 14th arrondissement
Metro: Plaisance
Ridha Khadher, pictured below, won this years first prize in the Meilleur Baguette de Paris competition out of 152 entries. Another 52 entries were rejected because they didn't adhere to the strict rules: the baguette must be between 55 and 65 cms long, weigh between 250 and 300g, contain 18g of salt per kilo.
34 Rue Yves Toudic
Paris 10th arrondissement
Metro: Jacques Bonsargeant
I was too late to try their baguette so I bought a half of the famous 'Pain des Amis' a smoky caramel pavé of a loaf. It lasts for days, has an open, almost cakey texture but tastes like good slow-risen bread. This beautiful boulangerie has queues out of the door.
Gontron Cherrier

Gontron Cherrier, for this is his name, is one of the most media cool and handsome bakers right now. Apart from a fantastic baguette traditionel, he also bakes a unusual squid ink black baguette.


226 Rue des Pyrenees
20th arrondissement
Metro: Gambetta
This was my old haunt when I lived in the 20th arrondissement. Baked to a secret recipe by the Ganachaud family, they have 4 shops and 290 licensed outlets all over France. Using a poolish fermentation technique, this chewy, creamy sourdough baguette traditionel remains my favourite bread in Paris.
La flute Gana

Thanks to Trish Deseine for additional help with this list. She will be bringing out the ultimate food guide, The Paris Gourmet, her personal notebook of addresses, of Paris this Autumn.

Monday, 3 June 2013

Cowboys and aliens in New Mexico


My sister and I recreating Thelma and Louise in the nuclear testing desert of New Mexico with the help of a restaurant serviette and a T shirt.
Genuine cowboy hats, hand made and steamed into shape, are very expensive, like $1000 minimum, from O'Farrell in Santa Fe.

And here is our Brad Pitt.


A rusty truck, with a piece of denim stuffed in place of a petrol tank cap.
Santa Fe

Flying into Albuquerque or Albuquirky as locals call it, my first night was spent at the 'Extended Stay America' motel, only 37 bucks a night, kitchen, wifi and wide screen TV included. At reception and in the lifts and corridors, I noticed that the place was full of men with ZZ top beards wearing their pyjamas. Everybody seemed to know each other. It dawned on me that they lived at the motel, for, at that price, it was cheaper than rent.
Breaking Bad was filmed in Albuquerque and while I didn't do the tour,  I checked out The Candy Lady who makes the blue crystal meth for the show, amongst other incredible sweets. Crystal meth is a huge problem in New Mexico, not just on TV.
I took the 'railrunner' train to Santa Fe, but I wasn't allowed to film or photograph out of the windows for we were passing through sacred Native American lands (didn't look like much to my inexpert eyes, the odd hedge or hill). For all it's folksy artisanal appeal, with fringing, moccasins, turquoise-studded jewellery and cowboy boots as obligatory day-wear, Santa Fe is one of the wealthiest towns in America. It's also one of the oldest, not just historically but the population. The median age looks about 70 years old. The architecture is strictly controlled, using a low rise adobe style that blends in perfectly with the rolling brown landscape.
Artists have long sought out New Mexico; apart from Dennis Hopper and artist Georgia O'Keefe, Game of Thrones writer G R R Martin, who resides in Santa Fe, has bought the local cinema, next to the railway station.  I also met 'Doc' a local character, who hangs out in the town square, where, under the arches, local Native Americans sell their jewellery.

Later that day, I moved onto Taos. So within the space of 24 hours I went from sea level in London to just under 7000 feet in Taos. It's difficult to describe how physically challenging this was. I couldn't drink enough. I was waking up to try and hydrate myself several times each night, but you can't drink water while you are asleep. My nose was crusty inside, my tongue parched, my skin shrivelled, my lips cracked. New Mexico is at four per cent humidity, a family friend, Linda McCormick, née Parker told me.*
What would London be? I asked.
About 85%.
Does that mean it would be raining? I puzzled.
No, that would be 100% humidity.

It takes about two weeks to become accustomed to high altitude. The bonus is you get a brief, approximately two days worth, energy boost when you return to sea level. This is why all long distance runners train at altitude: for that tiny advantage you get at competitive level, over your rivals.

The food in New Mexico tends to be Mexican in style. This is not an affectation, for New Mexico was actually part of Mexico until fairly recently, 1912. As a result it has a large Hispanic population, who have lived there for centuries.
Much of New Mexican food is Mexican influenced but there are differences. New Mexican dishes are 'smothered' with sauce, red chile stew or green chile stew. The ingredients are slightly different: Anaheim chilli peppers rather than poblanos for instance.
Menudo soup (tripe), good for hangovers, quesadilla and smothered blue corn burrito with red chile sauce. Available at Torobios in Taos, a roadside place which did great food, recommended by locals "Go on outta town, to the blinking red light and you'll find it on the left. "


I also enjoyed the food at Harry's Roadhouse in Santa Fe, which had great margaritas too. 
Citrus salad with avocado and jicama, a kind of Mexican turnip
Even Italian/American foods such as this melanzane pizza, has green chile spread all over it. 
I developed an obsession with Mexican oil cloth tablecloths which smelt wonderfully petrolly.
Breakfast was often a quesadilla with cheese

Most of what we think of as Mexican food in Europe is Tex-Mex which is heavier, with beans, meat, cumin and shredded cheddar style cheese. Chili con carne for instance is specifically a Tex-Mex dish being also part of ranch culture, cowboy cooking. Texas became an American state earlier, in 1845 after being part of New Spain (as Mexico was called before gaining independence from Spain) and an independent republic.
Mexican food in Mexico is lighter, (although depending on the region) with a larger variety of ingredients.
This house, near Taos, was opposite the police station.

Later, my sister and I drove a sweet white convertible, Thelma and Louise style, across the state, down to El Paso. We stopped at Lincoln County, where Billy the Kid was in a war against the ranchers. It is now very peaceful, birds tweeting, with Western-style wooden houses and porches, a real shotgun town, backing onto red earth hills and wandering goats. You can still visit the courthouse from where Billy the Kid escaped.

Ranchers still run Roswell, site of the famous UFO crash in 1947. They are a conservative bunch, according to the green haired receptionist of the scuzzy motel where I stayed, and they loathe the tourist industry that has grown up around the UFO. Beware of other motels, she told me, most of them are inhabited by people on crystal meth. A local store opening up couldn't find staff that had a clean tox test, for instance.

Dash board dining

The Drive-in menu

I loved Roswell, it was America from the 1950s. Everything was drive-in. Without a car you couldn't live there, blocks were a mile long. Breakfast at Dennys was surreal: a special 'bacon' menu booklet, elaborately courteous staff and enormous waddling customers spilling over the sides of their chairs.

The UFO museum is a place where you can spend all day. The sworn testimonials from the locals are convincing as is the witness statement of a local funeral director who spoke to the nurse that did the autopsy on the surviving 'alien'. One book I was reading, The Day after Roswell, claims that the extra-terrestrials were inspecting the nearby atomic weapon testings site, which is a possibility, as the testing was going on throughout the second world war. The author also claims that the speed of scientific progress since the crash have been made possible from scientific examination of the materials recovered: incredibly light-weight metals and lasers for instance, which led to drones and microwaves amongst other new technologies.

Alien bakery

Alien bank
Alien condominiums





The real star of my Westerns is the land. A Western is all about the land.
                                                                                                            Film director John Ford.


Driving onto the border with Mexico, this part of the United States of America has a terrifying landscape, with a bleak, desiccated, burnt umber beauty. I tried to imagine colonising it as European white settlers did. There is nothing to compare to this in Europe. The vastness, the lack of water or shade, you need balls to even attempt travelling across it, let alone stumbling across in a cumbersome wagon, wife and kids. There was no road. Maybe there were some trails. The pioneer families such as the Parkers (below) must have been tough. Only the horse tribe, the Comanches, willing to slit open their horse and drink the water in the stomach, thrived. (There were no horses in America until the Spanish brought them over)
The white settlers were regularly butchered, raped, scalped and mutilated if they dared to settle. You'd have to be crazy or desperate.
Today we think of Americans as fat, rich, powerful, self-indulgent and stupid about their guns. But the sacrifices the pioneering Westward wagons suffered to conquer Texas and New Mexico were huge. Of course, in the end, the Native American Indians, and millions of buffalo, hunted to virtual extinction, paid the highest price, but for a long time, they resisted the encroachment. The whites had to learn from them, how to survive, in that bleak and beautiful landscape.
Cowboy culture and its food, still exists. I picked up a local paper, with a column on 'Why I love my gun' and regular Dutch oven cook offs. A Dutch oven is a large cast iron (or less usually, aluminium) pot with a lid and handle, from the sounds of it, a bit like a mini mobile Aga. With judicious seasoning, placing of coals underneath and on top of the lid, you can use it as an oven on a camp fire. You can also bake good bread in a Dutch oven. The 'chuck wagon', a dedicated food wagon with fold out kitchen, carried dried goods (beans, cornmeal, flour), pickled eggs, buffalo and beef jerky and enamel plates and mugs, and the heavy Dutch oven. Here is a superb site which explains how to cook with a Dutch oven.
Early Native American tribes dwelled in caves. Taken near Los Alamos, where nuclear energy was developed.

*I mention her maiden name Parker because this is one of the most famous names and events in the settling of the American West. Linda's forebear Cynthia Ann Parker was abducted by Comanches from her families' ranch at the age of nine, while most of the rest of her family were killed. For years rescuers sought her out but she married a Comanche, had children and refused to return to white society. Comanches often kidnapped young girls rather than kill them because, as a hard-living nomadic horse tribe, the fertility rate of their women was lamentably low (according to this book). Her son Qanah Parker became one of the fiercest warriors during the Indian wars, leading the Comanche. Eventually, he realised that defeat was inevitable so he brought the Comanches to the reservation where he liaised between white and native American society. Linda McCormick, on the other hand, is married to Michael McCormick who is a world renowned Punch and Judy man, who my parents met when they lived in London, working for Jim Henson of the Muppets. Son Sean is working on vampire and horror films in Santa Fe. As I say, New Mexico is full of characters.